TENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)

TENS is a method of electrotherapy which aims to provide pain relief around injured tissue. In other words it is a drug free alternative to control pain. It provides relief by blocking nerve signals carrying pain messages to the brain. TENS is delivered with a small, battery powered hand held stimulating device, in which electrodes applied to the skin deliver intermittent stimulation to surface nerves, blocking the transmission of pain signals. They may also stimulate the production of endorphins, which are natural pain relievers produced by our body.

What is TENS unit and how does it work?

A TENS unit is a battery-operated device that consist of electrodes with self adhering pads attached to them. These pads are attached directly to the skin, over the painful area. When the unit is turned on, small electrical impulses are delivered to the affected area. Additionally, TENS units are adjustable.

There are two theories about how it works: gate theory and opiate theory . According to gate-theory, TENS works by delivering electrical impulses which travel through electrodes and reach to the nerve fibers. The electrical impulses block the pain receptors which tend to carry pain impulses from the nerves to the brain and thereby reduce the sensation of pain.

In addition to this, TENS also helps reduce pain as the electrical impulses by TENS stimulate the body to produce endorphins which are naturally produced hormones that act as analgesic (painkiller). Endorphins have the similar morphological effect as morphine.

Uses

TENS therapy can be used to treat both acute and chronic pain including:

• Osteoarthritis
• Fibromyalgia
• Bursitis
• Tendinitis
• Neck pain
• Sport injuries
• Labor pain

Side effects

TENS is a safe treatment with no side effects. Sometimes patients might experience soreness if the device is used longer than recommended. In rare cases, patients may have burn at the sites where the electrodes are placed.

Contraindications

• TENS should not be applied on areas with damaged skin.
• TENS may induce seizures when applied on the head and neck area of people with epilepsy.
• Application of TENS over the abdomen or pelvis region during pregnancy is contraindicated.
• TENS is contraindicated in people with pacemaker or in case of any other type of implant.
• In patients with allergic response to electrodes.

Benefits

• It is safe and drug free method of pain management.
• It is a cost-effective, non-invasive treatment.
• It enhances blood circulation.
• It aids in reducing the use of painkillers after surgery

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